Hydraulics use pressurised fluid to move heavy loads. Learn the main parts, common uses and basic safety.
Hydraulic systems power excavators, presses, lifts and aircraft controls. They can produce large forces from compact equipment.
How Hydraulics Work
A pump pushes fluid through hoses to a cylinder or motor. Because liquids barely compress, pressure applied at one point is transmitted throughout the system, producing powerful, controlled movement.
Main Components
- Reservoir — stores the hydraulic fluid
- Pump — creates flow
- Valves — control direction, pressure and flow
- Actuators — cylinders and motors that do the work
- Filters — keep the fluid clean
Common Problems
Leaks, contaminated fluid, overheating and worn seals cause most failures. Clean fluid is the single most important factor in system life.
Safety
Never check for leaks with your hands — high-pressure fluid can penetrate skin. Release pressure before servicing any component.
